Building Certification Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Building Certification - Coursework Example The fact that this building is a type IIA construction means that the elements of the building have to be fire rated. Here is a summary of my findings and a conclusion later on the certification of this particular building.This load might vary with there being greater concentration at certain areas as compared to other areas. However, a balance is needed and can be created by having adequate means of Egress. Here is my finding on the occupant load of the building.The capacity of Egress components like the main door way capacity as well as the other entrances and exits capacities have to be standard. This particular building has several exits/entrances. The main entrance is 120 inches wide while the other two side entrances are 72 inches wide each. Occupant load of the whole floor = load of Multipurpose Room + offices + classrooms + shops + lab load capacityThese exits have to be balanced. The table below represents the standard occupant load factor.According to the standards set, the building has good egress as well as occupant load capacity. These are well distributed and the exits are sufficient to cater and allow for efficient evacuation of the building in case of an emergency.Though there is no automatic sprinkler system, the designs of the hallways as well as their capacity can handle a fire eventuality well. The load capacity of the building is balanced to the different rooms as well as the entrances. With the basic conditions met, there is no reason not to award the certificate. I therefore award a certificate.

Novel Compared to Movie Adaptation Essay Example for Free

Novel Compared to Movie Adaptation Essay Film adaptation or movie adaptation has been a widespread practice in cinematic tradition around the world. Majority of such adaptations are made from fictions, primarily novels. Some of the other popular sources include autobiography, plays, scriptures and comic books. When a novel is adapted for movies, there are certain techniques deployed to give it a cinematic appeal. Inventing new characters and altering scenes fall into the category of primary adaptation techniques. Sometimes it is also noticed that an insignificant character in the novel is given a prominent part to play in the film. Novels with exteriority and physically dynamic structures are most commonly adapted for filming. Thus, modern novels with their intricate literary devices (such as stream-of-consciousness, internal monologues, etc. ) are difficult to make fit for movies. While changes are mandatory due to time constraints and nature of the medium, extreme care must be taken so that the original essence of the novel is not compromised. However, one school of thought argues that the director should treat the film separately from the novel as both are completely different works of art. Accurate arrangement of a novel at the time of filming is virtually impossible since both speak different literary languages. Contrary to this perspective, another school of thought steadfastly believes that the film must retain either the thematic or the aesthetic sense of its source. Changes should only be made wherever necessary. This doctrine lays more emphasis on the faithful reproduction of the source content. This article is going to make a comparative analysis between Fannie Hurst’s Imitation of Life and its cinematic adaptation of the same title directed by Douglas Sirk. One of the cardinal aspects of movie adaptation that every director must keep in mind involves the risk of taking the viewers away from the fiction: â€Å"It has been argued that these displays of technique and artifice make it difficult to respond affectively to art since they create distance between the fiction and the viewer. † (Sirk et al. 207) Cinema is quintessentially a self-reflexive form of art having a vast scope of expression. This freedom, if used discreetly and masterfully, may make an ordinary source look splendid. The novel Imitation of Life focuses not just on the crude nature of racism in America in the beginning of the twentieth century, but also, and perhaps on a more serious note, holds in view the limitations of the new women. Peola, one of the main female characters in the novel, represents the tragic predicament of being â€Å"neither black nor white yet both†. (Hurst et al. xxv) Her persistent struggle to live without black identity makes her suffer from the inconsolable loss of her mother. At the same time, Bea also gets entangled between career, romance and motherhood. She has to give up love and care for her daughter Jessie to pursue her career. The two sets of mother-daughter relationships portrayed in the novel, Bea-Jessie and Delilah-Peola, imply a subtle message which Hurst seeks to convey in the novel: a woman can’t â€Å"have it all†. (Hurst et al. xxv) The movie by Douglas Sirk does not deviate from the main plot of the novel to a great extent. Characters and conclusions in both cases are same, but the background is changed in the movie to suit the nature of time it depicted. It might be noted that the novel was written in 1933 whereas the movie was released in 1959. The identities of Lora and Annie as widowed single mothers are kept intact in the sense that Bea and Delilah are also shown as widowed single mothers in Hurst’s novel Imitation of Life. The cinematic counterparts of Jessie and Peola are Suzie and Sarah respectively. Lora’s fiance Steve is an adaptation of the character of Frank Flake in Imitation of Life. The movie Imitation of Life, as observed by Andrew Sarris in Film Culture, is characterized by an apparent notion of impossibility which Sarah wants to achieve – white skin. (Handzo 1997) If one attempts to make a comparative analysis between the movie and the novel, the element that comes to the fore is the introductory part. Sirk Douglas does without the elaborateness of Fannie Hurst in narrating the backdrop of Lora’s previous life when she was married. In the beginning of the novel, Bea is shown as a spinster who marries Benjamin Pullman. The subsequent chains of events that lead to Bea’s struggle for survival with an infant daughter are excluded from the movie. It opens with Lora’s soaring ambition of becoming a Broadway star – a curtain raiser which is followed by three social scenes the filmmaker conjures: â€Å"women and work, race relations, star mythology†. (Sirk et al. 27) In this sense, the movie mirrors the content of the novel in a threefold manner. To quote Sirk, â€Å"The mirror is the imitation of life. What is interesting about a mirror is that it does not show yourself as you are, it shows you your own opposite. † (Sirk et al. 3) As far as cinematic approach is concerned, the abrupt opening may be attributed to time constraints as well. However, the movie diverts from the novel in one critical aspect. While Bea pursues a successful career of businesswoman, Lora takes a different course altogether. Unlike the world of literature, the world of showbiz uniquely demands dynamism of action and hence, the characterization is justified per se. Another argument that can be cited with regards to the altered career path of the main protagonist of the movie is the shifting social climate in the times it was released. It was difficult for the filmmaker to envision his heroine as the owner of pancake restaurants. Moreover, during that phase many Afro-American actors were striving to put behind the stereotyped roles of household attendants. So changes in the storyline are especially reflected in the characterization of Annie. In addition to being a motherly figure of affection and care, she is also the source of wisdom in Lora’s household. (Richard 2008) Both the novel and the film adaptation share a striking resemblance in themes of romance. At the end of the novel, a triangular love develops between Bea, Flake and Jessie. Similarly, the movie also projects similar storyline where Suzie in her teenage is enamored by Steve who is Lora’s fiance. This modernist woman’s picture has been a source of much controversy in both the novel and the movie. It has given rise to a lot of feminist speculations regarding the ordeals faced by single working mothers in male dominant societies. The melodramatic imagination of the filmmaker goes beyond the confines of the novel. The cinematic experience of Imitation of Life presents a spectrum of diverse interpretations which are not fully realized in the novel. It can be stated without an iota of doubt that the freedom of expression in any moving medium is utilized to its fullest potential by the director, all within the permissive limits of the reel world. Works cited Hurst, Fannie, and Daniel Itzkovitz. Imitation of Life. Durham: Duke University Press, 2004. Sirk, Douglas, and Lucy Fischer. Imitation of Life: Douglas Sirk, Director. Piscataway: Rutgers University Press, 1991. Handzo, Stephen. â€Å"Intimations of Lifelessness. † bright lights film journal 18 (1997) Richard, Cicely A. â€Å"Film Analysis: Imitation of Life. † suite101. com. May 26, 2008. 7 March 2009 http://classic-film-dramas. suite101. com/article. cfm/film_analysis_imitation_of_life

Ethical Issues to Consider When Doing Research

Ethical Issues to Consider When Doing Research Negotiating Access and Research Ethics Shaban IBISH Table of Contents (Jump to) Abstract Introduction 1. Problems associated with access 1.1. Why gain physical access is difficult? 2. Strategies to gain access 2.1. Summary of strategies to gain access: 2.2. Allowing yourself sufficient time: 2.3. Using existing contacts and developing new ones: 2.4. Providing a clear account of purpose and type of access required: 2.5. Overcoming organizational concerns about the granting of access: 2.6. Possible benefits to the organization of granting you access: 2.7. Using suitable language: 2.8. Facilitating ease of reply when requesting access: 2.9. Developing your access on an incremental basis: 2.10. Establishing your credibility with intended participants: 3. Define research ethics 3.1.Ethical issues that affect the research process generally 3.2. Ethical issues related to the analysis and reporting stages 3.3. Check List of Requirements for Informed Consent 4. Natural and scope of Ethics 4.1. Ethical issues that affect the research process generally 4.2. Ethical issues during he design and initial access stages 4.3. Ethical issues during the data collection stage 4.4. Data protection and research 5. Conclusion 6. References Abstract From a mainly access and ethics are critical aspects for the conduct of research. Insufficient attention may therefore be paid to gaining access and even less to the likelihood of  ethical concerns arising in relation to the conduct of the research project. In this context, such considerations are important whether you are using secondary data, or you are collecting primary data using Internet-mediated or other methods. Over the past decade, concerns about the ethics of research practice have grown dramatically. There are many ethical issues to be taken into serious consideration for research.Research ethicsinvolves the application of fundamentalethicalprinciples to a variety of topics involvingresearch, including negotiating access. Introduction First of all to clearly understand the idea of negotiation ethics, we must first define what it means to be ethical. To be ethical, or to haveethics, simply means being in accordance with the rules or standards for right conduct or practice, especially concerning the standards of a profession.With this in mind, negotiation ethics is the application of ethical behavior during pertinent negotiation positions. Many students want to start their research as soon as they have identified a topic area, forgetting that access and ethics are critical aspects for the success of any research project. Like the sub-contractors used by Procter and Gamble, you will need to think about how you are going to gain access to the data you need, and how you are going to explain to those from whom you are obtaining data why you need that data. Such considerations are important whether you are using secondary data, or you are collecting primary data using Internet-mediated or other methods. Over the past decade, concerns about the ethics of research practice have grown dramatically. Consequently, you need to think carefully about how you will gain access to undertake your research and about possible ethical concerns that could arise in relation to the conduct of your entire research project. These are aspects that require careful attention at the outset of any research project. Without paying careful attention to how you are going to gain access to the data you require and acting ethically, what seem like good ideas for research may flounder and prove impractical or problematic once you attempt to undertake them. 1. Problems associated with access Your ability to collect data will depend on gaining access to their source or to appropriate sources where there is a choice. The appropriateness of a source will of course depend on your research question, related to objectives and strategy. The first level of access is physical access or entry. Gaining physical access can be difficult for number of reasons 1.1. Why gaining physical access is difficult Organizations or individuals may not be prepared to engage in additional, voluntary activities because of the time and resources required. The request for access and cooperation may fail to interest the person who receives it. The organization may find itself in a difficult situation owing to external events totally unrelated to any perceptions about the nature of the request or the person making, so that they have no choice but to refuse access. Physical access to an organization will be formally granted through its management. Access may also refer to your ability to select a representative sample of organizational participants in order to attempt to answer your research question and meet your objectives in an unbiased way and to produce reliable and valid data. Cognitive access will lead you to gain access to the data that you need your intended participants to share with you in order to understand their social reality and to be able to address your research question and objectives. Access is likely to be a problem area, in terms of gaining permission for physical access, maintaining that access, and being able to create sufficient scope to address fully the research question and objectives that guide your work. The extent to which feasibility will affect the nature of your research, or at least the approach that you adopt. A request to undertake research may involve you seeking access to a range of participants based on an organizational sample. 2. Strategies to gain access The need to identify a feasible research question and objectives, from the perspective of gaining access. Personal entry to an organization will be less applicable where you send a self-administered, postal questionnaire to organizational participants, in situations where you do not need to gain physical access in order to identify participants. 2.1. Summary of strategies to gain access: Allowing yourself sufficient time Using existing contacts and developing new ones Providing a clear account of purpose and type of access required Overcoming organizational concerns about the granting of access Identifying possible benefits to the organization in granting you access Using suitable language Facilitating ease of reply when requesting access Developing your access on an incremental basis Establishing your credibility with intended participants. Potential ethical issues should be recognized and considered from the outset of you research and be one of the criteria against which your research proposal is judged. Ethical concerns are likely to occur at all stages of your research project: when seeking access, during data collection, as you analyze data and when you report them. Qualitative research is likely to lead to a grater range of ethical concerns in comparison with quantitative research, although all research methods have specific ethical issues associated with them. Ethical concerns are also associated with the power relationship between the research and those who grant access, and the researcher’s role (as external researcher, internal researcher). The use of the Internet and email to collect data may also generate ethical concerns. 2.2. Allowing yourself sufficient time: Physical access may take weeks or even months to arrange, and in many cases the time invested will not result in access being granted. If you are able to contact a participant directly, such as manager, and exchange of correspondence may be sufficient to gain access. In the situation where your intended participants are not the same people who grant you physical access, you will need to allow further time to gain their acceptance. Once you have gained physical access to the organization and to your participants, you will be concerned with gaining cognitive access. 2.3. Using existing contacts and developing new ones: The use of known contacts will depend largely on your choice of research strategyand approach to selecting a sample, as suggested by your research question and objectives. You will need to be able to identify the most appropriate person to contact for help, either directly or indirectly. You may consider making a direct approach to an organization in an attempt to identify the appropriate person to contact in relation to a particular research project. 2.4. Providing a clear account of purpose and type of access required: Providing a clear account of your requirements will allow your intended participants to be aware of what will be required from them. Establishing your credibility will be vital in order to gain access. 2.5. Overcoming organizational concerns about the granting of access: Concerns about the amount of time or resources that will be involved in the request for access. Sensitivity about the topic. The confidentiality of the data that would have to be provided and the anonymity of the organization or individual participants. 2.6. Possible benefits to the organization of granting you access: A discussion may allow them to think through an issue and to reflect on the action that they have adopted to manage it. The intention would be to provide each of your participants with something of value and to fulfill any expectations about exchange between the provider and receiver of the research data, thereby prompting some of those whom you approach to grant access. Where access is granted in return for supplying a report of your findings it may be important to devise a simple contract to make clear what has been agreed. 2.7. Using suitable language: Some researchers advise against referring to certain terms used in relation to research activity when making an approach to an organization for access, because these may be perceived as threatening or not interesting to the potential participant. Use of language will depend largely on the nature of the people you are contacting. 2.8. Facilitating ease of reply when requesting access: The inclusion of a simple pro forma for recipients of you written requests for access to use generally ensures a reply. It may not be suitable in all cases, and should be designed to fit the research method being used. 2.9. Developing your access on an incremental basis: Reference has been made above to the strategy of achieving access by stages: The first stage involved a request to conduct interviews. The next stage involved negotiating access to undertake observation. The final stage was in effect an extension to the second stage and involved gaining permission to tape-recorded the interactions being observed. There are potentially a number of advantages related to the use of this strategy. Using an incremental strategy at least gains you access to a certain level of data. As you establish your credibility, you can develop the possibility of achieving a fuller level of data. A further advantage may follow from the opportunity that you have to design your request for further access specifically to the situation and in relation to opportunities that may become apparent from your initiallevel of access. But the incremental process will be time consuming, and you need to consider the amount of time that you will have for your research project before embarking on such a strategy. 2.10. Establishing your credibility with intended participants: Just because you have been granted entry into an organization, you will not be able to assume that those whom you wish to interview, survey or observe will be prepared to provide their cooperation [1]. Feasibility has been recognized to be organizations and to intended participants within them have been described and discussed. Research ethics refer to the appropriateness of your behavior in relation to the rights of those who become the subject of your work or are affected by the work [2]. 3. Define research ethics The conduct of your research may be guided by a code of ethics. A code of ethics will provide you with a statement of principles and procedures for the conduct of your research. You may also be required to submit your research proposal to a faculty or institutional research ethics committee. Researchers need to be sensitive to the way in which the granting of access affects this type of relationship. In addition, as a research in an organizational setting you will need to remain sensitive to the fact that your presence is a temporary one, whereas the people from whom you collect data will need to work together after you depart. 3.1.Ethical issues that affect the research process generally Privacy of possible and actual participants Voluntary nature of participation and the right to withdraw partially or completely from the process Consent and possible deception of participants Maintenance of the confidentiality of data provided by individuals or identifiable participants and their anonymity Reactions of participants to the way in which you seek to collect data Effects on participants of the way in which you use, analyze and report your data Behavior and objectivity of the researcher. 3.2. Ethical issues related to the analysis and reporting stages The maintenance of you objectivity will be vital during the analysis stage to make sure that you do not misrepresent the data collected. The ethical issues of confidentiality and anonymity also come to the fore during the reporting stage of your research. Embarrassment and even harm could result from reporting data that are clearly attributable to a particular individual. This discussion about the impact of research on the collective interests of those who participate brings us back to the reference made above to the particular ethical issues that arise in relation to the analysis of secondary data derived from survey research. Where you are aware that your findings may be used to make a decision that could adversely affect the collective interests of those who were your participants, it may be ethical to refer to this possibility even though it reduces the level of access that you achieve. [1]. 3.3. Check List of Requirements for Informed Consent What is the purpose? Who will undertake it? Whether it is sponsored Sampling of participants; The progress of the research; The information required from the participants; How the date The information required from the participants; How the date will be collected; How much time how many occasions; The target dates; recognition that participation is voluntary; Dissemination of the results; How will anonymity and privacy will be observed at this stage? What will happen to data after the project is completed? What safeguards will be built in to preserve the anonymity in the future? [4]. 4. Natural and scope of Ethics 4.1. Ethical issues that affect the research process: Privacy of possible and actual participants, Voluntary nature of participation and the right to withdraw partially or completely from the process, Confidentiality of data provided y individuals and their anonymity, Reaction of participants to the way in which you seek to collect data, Effect on participants of the way in which you use, analyze and report your data, Behavior and objectivity of the researcher, Privacy is significant, Power relationship in business and management research, Harassment of any kind, Netiquette,Consider the applicability if Internet as a means to collect data. 4.2. Ethical issues during the design and initial access stages Take care of the Law for private data, Take care how you obtain and use secondary data, If somebody agrees to participate in the research it does not mean that he agrees, about the way you discuss the data received. 4.3. Ethical issues during the data collection stage Right to privacy, Netiquette, Confidentiality and anonymity, No chat rooms with the results, Careful with the observations – be objective and not subjective, Habituation, Debriefing. 4.4. Data protection and research Process personal data fairly and lawfully, Accurate and keep up-to-date, Keep securely, Do not transfer outside the country [3]. 5. Conclusion The process of research can be painstakingly time consuming. It can involve the overcoming of many obstacles and may unfortunately need to be revised several times as you progress through the steps. In this concept research methods in negotiating and ethics is so important. Many students want to start their research as soon as they have identified a topic area, forgetting that access and ethics are critical aspects for the success of any research project. Like the sub-contractors used by Procter and Gamble, you will need to think about how you are going to gain access to the data you need, and how you are going to explain to those from whom you are obtaining data why you need that data. 4 main components of negotiating access and research ethics are : Problems associated with access, Strategies to gain access, Define research ethics, Natural and scope of Ethics. Finally, research ethics refer to the appropriateness of your behavior in relation to the rights of those who become the subject of your work or are affected by the work. 6. References [1] Tang Weijun Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2008). [2] Saunders, M. N. K., Thornhill, A., Lewis, P. (2009). Research methods for business students, 5/E. Prentice Hall. [3]https://www.google.com.tr/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=2ved=0CCwQFjABurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iuc-edu.eu%2Fgroup%2Fsem1_L2%2FPDEVR2010%2F_8_Negotiating%2520access.pptei=ygTnUo_ALum1yAOox4HgCQusg=AFQjCNEMxZmCZPymxnmWI-hn3AG-lxgROQcad=rja [4]http://www.iucedu.eu/group/mba_learning/2011%20research%20methods/Research%20methods%205.pdf

The Struggle for Identity in A Doll’s House :: A Doll’s House

The Struggle for Identity in A Doll's House      Ã‚   A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that was written ahead of its time. In this play Ibsen tackles women's rights as a matter of importance. Throughout this time period it was neglected. A Doll's House was written during the movement of Naturalism, which commonly reflected society. Ibsen acknowledges the fact that in 19th century life the role of the woman was to stay at home, raise the children and attend to her husband. Nora Helmer is the character in A Doll House who plays the 19th woman and is portrayed as a victim. Michael Meyers said of Henrik Ibsen's plays: "The common denominator in many of Ibsen's dramas is his interest in individuals struggling for and authentic identity in the face of tyrannical social conventions. This conflict often results in his characters' being divided between a sense of duty to themselves and their responsibility to others."(1563) All of the aspects of this quote can be applied to the play A Doll House, in Nora Helmer's character, who throughout much of the play is oppressed, presents an inauthentic identity to the audience and throughout the play attempts to discovery her authentic identity. The inferior role of Nora is extremely important to her character. Nora is oppressed by a variety of "tyrannical social conventions." Ibsen in his "A Doll's House" depicts the role of women as subordinate in order to emphasize their role in society. Nora is oppressed by the manipulation from Torvald. Torvald has a very typical relationship with society. He is a smug bank manager. With his job arrive many responsibilities. He often treats his wife as if she is one of these responsibilities. Torvald is very authoritative and puts his appearance, both social and physical, ahead of his wife that he supposedly loves. Torvald is a man that is worried about his reputation, and cares little about his wife's feelings. Nora and Torvald's relationship, on the outside appears to be a happy. Nora is treated like a child in this relationship, but as the play progresses she begins to realize how phony her marriage is. Torvald sees Nora's only role as being the subservient and loving wife. He refers to Nora as "my little squirrel" (p.1565), "my little lark" (p.1565), or "spendthrift"(1565). To him, she is only a possession. Torvald calls Nora by pet-names and speaks down to her because he thinks that she is not intelligent and that she can not think on her own.

Healthy People Essay

1. Explain the use of each of the six phases of the nursing process. The nursing process consists of six dynamic and interrelated phases: assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation and evaluation 2. List the elements of each of the six phases of the nursing process Asses- gather information about the clients condition, Diagnose-identify the client’s problems, plan and identify outcomes- set goals of care and desired outcomes and identify appropriate nursing actions, Implement- perform the nursing actions identified in planning, Evaluate- Determine if goals met and outcomes acheived 3. Describe the establishment of the database When you have obtained the history and completed the physical examination with accuracy, you have the needed information to establish a database ( a large store or bank of information) 4. Discuss the steps used to formulate a nursing diagnosis A nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgement about individual, family, or community responses about actual or potential health problems/life processes. 5. Differentiate between types of health problems It is important to distinguish collaborative problems and medical diagnoses from nursing diagnoses. these two types of problems are defined and discussed separately 6. Describe the development of patient centered outcomes The nurse develops expected outcomes for the established nursing diagnosis. A patient outcome statement provides a description of the specific, measurable behavior that the patient will be able to exhibit in a given time frame following the interventions. 7. Discuss the creation of nursing orders Because nursing interventions offered in textbooks and care planning manuals are often broad, general statements that indicate an activity to be performed it is often necessary to convert these nursing interventions to more specific instructional statements 8. Explain the evaluation of a nursing care plan Evaluation is determination made about the extent to which the established outcomes have been achieved 9. Demonstrate the nursing process by preparing a nursing care plan Completing the initial assessment, analyzing the data, writing the nursing diagnoses, selecting outcomes, and selecting appropriate nursing interventions, it is the nurse’s responsibility to communicate the detailed plan of care for the patient 10. Explain north american nursing diagnosis association international (nanda-i), nursing interventions classification (NIC), and nursing outcomes classification (NOC) NANDA-approved an official definition for nursing diagnoses, This standardized language, developed at the university of iowa encourages enhanced communication between nurses about nursing intervenions. NOC which measures the effects of nursing care, is the effort of a group of researchers working at the university of iowa. 11. Describe the use of clinical pathways in managed care A clinical pathway is a multi disciplinary plan that schedules clinical interventons over an anticipated time fram for high-risk, high volume, high-cost type of cases. 12. Discuss critical thinking in nursing Critical thinking for nursing as a discipline- specific reflective reasoning process that guides a nurse in generating implementing, and evaluating approaches for dealing with client care and professional concerns. 13. Define evidenced-based practice The use of research to determine best practices, or the interventions or approaches to patient care that will have the best impact on patient outcomes. In contrast, professionals in the past used educational knowledge, consultation with peers and specialists, and their own experiences to make decisions about patient care and to select interventions.

Draws attention to the lack of and inadequate form Essays

Draws attention to the lack of and inadequate form Essays Draws attention to the lack of and inadequate form of enforcements of existing immigration and border laws by the international community, Noting that the deficiency of one nation in the execution of immigration laws and restrictions can significantly effect other countries in correspondence to this issue, Recognizing that illegal immigrants pose a considerable threat to society, the safety, well being and happiness of citizens, Emphasizing that all the clauses in this resolution are for the safety and well being of illegal immigrants to salvage them from the horrid and inhumane conditions they would have to face in their country of destination; such as labor and sexual exploitation and slavery, abuse, discrimination, forced involvement in black market and other illegal affairs, etc. 1. Recommends the denial of all country benefits to illegal immigrants, such as: a. work permits, educational and healthcare services, insurance, tax alleviation, monetary aid, etc because i. this will discourage immigrants from settling in the nation, ii. it will create a harsh environment that the immigrants will eventually be forced to leave 2. Encourages partner nations, and more specifically MEDCs, to enhance the enforcement or create new restrictions against beneficiary aid to illegal immigrants that will not only discourage aliens from settling in the countries but also help identify them, by: a. assigning a national committee to identify and research the permissibility of policy reforms that will focus on such things as, but not limited to: i. establishing a specific methodology for obtaining sufficient identification information with regards to non-profit charitable organizations contracted by the government for the provision of services (such as specific health care projects, education, monetary assistanceect) about service recipients to enable the verification of their qualified status as citizens, ii. imposing requirements on large scale and minor industries, companies, or businesses and other for-profit entities which provide services to their employees (such as insurance, certain fundingetc) to conduct frequent inspections to verify the eligibility and citizenship of the service recipients and disqualify any illegal-workers from these services as well as pinpoint illegal immigrants to the government, 3. Urges MEDC's to not encourage illegal immigrants entering their borders by: a. further securing their borders, both land and water, by i. conducting extensive researches and investigations in locations suspected to suspected to harbor a large flow of illegal immigrants, such as ports and trade routes, specific border stripsetc, focusing on ii. trade and cargo transportation which create the perfect breeding ground for the establishment of trafficking businesses and readily provide the means for illegal immigrants to move across borders, b. administering a strict policy on deportation which would be forcefully enforced and: i. call for the immediate deportation and reintegration of the illegal immigrants to their country of origin upon arrival and discovery, ii. allocate any resisting immigrants in temporary settings until their deportation unless their country of origin were in state of conflict then the immigrants would be assisted in order to apply for a refugee status, 4. Calls for the establishment of a bi-annual international summit in correspondence with the UN called the UN Illegal Immigrants Conference (UNIIC) that will: a. focus on the direct cooperation between MEDCs and LEDCs on this issue and thus create more plausible and successful plans of action using the advantage of the trilateral assistance from both transit, destination, and countries of origin of illegal immigrants by: i. executing global plans that will see several, if not all, nations enacting similar policies, restrictions and laws on the issue thus ii. increasing the efficiency of the enforcement of laws on the treatment of illegal immigrants, iii. augmenting international cooperation on the issue, b. propose courses of actions for the international community that will aim to benefit all sides of the issue while also tackling the central harms caused by illegal immigration on the major fronts, such as: i. detriment to the economic and labor market, social, cultural, and religious impacts, health and safetyetc c. also attempt to address the root causes of illegal immigration in an effort to eliminate its grounds by directly discussing the issue and giving aid in different forms to LEDC's and other major countries of origin for illegal immigrants such as, but not limited to: i. financial aid: which the recipient nation may then use to invest in its own resources and industries to improve the labor market